ADHD Medication and Pregnancy
Psychiatrists are often approached by women who are trying to have a baby or are pregnant, and are concerned about the negative effects of their ADHD medication. The good news is that research suggests it is safe to take stimulant medication throughout the pregnancy.
The findings are based upon naturalistic studies with a large number of exposures to the first trimester.
Pregnancy
The birth of a baby and pregnancy are exciting for women, however many are concerned about the impact of their ADHD medication on their baby. These medications are known to have negative teratogenic effects. Some doctors recommend that patients stop taking their medication when trying to conceive or in the first trimester of pregnancy. However, many individuals with ADHD require the benefits of their medication in order to perform in everyday life and may struggle without it during this time.
A recent study in Denmark found that exposure to methylphenidate in the first trimester (in the form of a prescription that has been redeemed) does not appear to increase risk of major malformations as compared to a group that did not have prescriptions redeemed during the first trimester of pregnancy. The study used registry-based information from various Danish databases to determine the number of pregnant women and their medications prior to and during pregnancy, including information on whether the woman was being treated for ADHD.
The researchers monitored 898 babies born to mothers exposed to methylphenidate and other stimulants during the first trimester of pregnancy. adhd treatment medication were compared to 1,270 babies in the control group who were not exposed to stimulant medication, such as methylphenidate, in the first trimester pregnancy.
Both groups of infants were subjected to an extensive assessment of abnormalities in the fetal heart like gastroschisis and omphalocele. The results showed that infants born to women who were exposed to methylphenidate during pregnancy didn't have any increased rates compared with the controls. This was true for both the first and second trimesters of pregnancy.
This is a promising result that could be comforting to pregnant women who use ADHD medication and may require or desire to continue their treatment during pregnancy. It is important to understand that this study did not assess the impact of other medications or lifestyle changes on a fetus, and other studies have revealed an association between stimulant medication use and adverse outcomes during pregnancy, for example having a caesarean delivery, or the baby needing support to breathe upon the time of birth.
Breastfeeding
Even when women with ADD or ADHD require medication to manage their symptoms, they realize that breastfeeding benefits their baby. The mother and baby must be well-nourished. Therefore, the decision whether to breastfeed or use ADHD medications should be taken with the help of a medical professional. The most current guidelines and evidence1 suggest a woman does not need to stop breastfeeding in order to take her prescribed medications. Numerous studies have proven that the neurodevelopmental effects on the infant's long-term health are minimal when a mother is taking her ADHD medication as prescribed.
Stimulants are among the most popular treatment for ADHD and include methylphenidate (with brand names Ritalin and Concerta) and dexamfetamine (brand name Vyvanse). They are available in two forms: immediate-release, which lasts up to four hours; and extended release, that is taken every day in the morning, and can last for up to sixteen hours. Many people suffering from ADD or ADHD discover that the best way to manage their symptoms is to take an extended-release medicine in the afternoon or evening and then follow it up with an immediate-release tablet.
Certain medications, such as Clonidine, decrease prolactin production and are not compatible with breastfeeding. Some people suffering from ADD and ADHD do not want to stop breastfeeding for this reason, and so they choose to switch to a different stimulant medication. These drugs have lower RIDs and are more likely to be covered by the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme. If you are considering changing your medication during pregnancy or nursing it is crucial to speak with an GP or specialist. They can provide advice about the most secure medication and how to monitor the infant's growth and weight. The doctor or specialist may assist in referring to a psychologist or psychiatrist for further assistance. They can also refer you to a dietitian for assistance in nutrition and diet.
Postpartum
During pregnancy, the female body goes through immense emotional, physical and hormonal changes. For some women experiencing the transition to motherhood can be a time of great happiness, joy and love, but also frustration, sadness or anxiety. This is normal and it is crucial that the mother receives help from family members, her health care provider and/or a mental health professional if she is experiencing difficulties.
It's thrilling to have a child, but it can also be overwhelming, but a new mom should not feel like she must take on everything on her own. Finding the right balance isn't easy however, you can assist yourself by taking the time to rest and sleep well. It is also crucial to attend your postpartum checkups since they will be able to identify any potential issues early.
The "baby blues" is the term used to describe a brief time in which some women experience depression or anxiety following the birth of their baby. This is a normal occurrence that tends to go away on its own within around a week. However for some, the feelings become much more serious and last longer than that. This is known as postpartum depression, and is a treatable illness. If a woman had anxiety or depression in the past, she is more likely to experience the condition again after giving birth.
In some cases, a woman can develop postpartum psychosis, which is extremely risky for the mother and the child. This is a mental health issue that should be treated promptly. The treatment can include combination therapy and medication. A therapist with experience in this condition can be extremely helpful. If the symptoms are severe electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) could be suggested.
If a mother experiencing an episode of postpartum psychosis, the doctor will probably prescribe an antipsychotic drug such as lithium or valproate, and an antidepressant such as citalopram. They may also recommend a course of cognitive behavioral therapy to help with the underlying issues. Tricyclic antidepressants, like imipramine and nortriptyline, are sometimes prescribed, but have serious adverse effects. They are usually only prescribed when other drugs have failed.
Adolescence
Adolescence is a crucial period for cognitive, physical, and psychosocial development. It is a time of transition from dependence on parents to independence in making decisions and deciding how to act in the world around them. Adolescents are interested in expanding their social circle beyond the immediate family, to include their peers, friends and acquaintances. Their social networks also may include members of team sports, student organizations or jobs.
As we grow older, changes in brain structure and connectivity are interacted with increased knowledge, experience and the changing demands of society to create rapid cognitive growth. This includes improvement in divided and selective attention (the ability to focus on different stimuli simultaneously) working memory, as well as long-term memory. Additionally adolescents' ability to think abstractly and morally improves.
These cognitive changes are accompanied by hormonal changes, which make teenagers more attracted to novel and intense experiences. Their hormones also make them seek out experiences which will make them more attractive to other people. This desire to explore new things can be used in a positive way for instance, by taking part in a school performance. It is possible to take a healthy risk, such as exploring sexuality or other risky behavior as long as they are in a supportive and safe environment.
The various levels of physical growth could result in awkward stages of adolescence and feelings of anxiety or self-consciousness about the changes in their bodies. In certain cultures, such as those of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander, adolescence is a time when young people find their place within their clans, families, their nations and their ancestors as well as their country.
The relationships between teens and their friends can be a source for support or conflict. These relationships are essential for the health of adolescents and can be a major influence on their happiness and wellbeing. The adolescent's relationship with their parents can be a significant source of support, particularly if they can work out family issues in a non-confrontational manner.